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好书介绍:试翻译《光学特异材料-基础与应用》前言

我的译文:

光学特异材料-基础与应用

前言

这本书主要研究了光学特异材料-也就是人工材料在纳米尺度的结构下拥有的惊人的光频特异性质。这些材料在宏观上可以被视为均匀介质,并且显示出了一系列不寻常的光作用现象。亚波长夹杂体人造材料长久以来为艺术家和工匠们所青睐,正如从后罗马时期到文艺复兴时期大量使用的玻璃器皿一样。然而,光学特异材料真正蓬勃发展起来是最近一个世纪的事情,这归功于纳米材料制备,数学建模与表征分析等科技领域的进步。在短短几年里,光学特异材料已成为光学研究中最令人兴奋的课题之一,不断涌现的新成果使研究人员,科学家甚至一般大众都为之吸引、着迷。

光学特异材料背后的理念有别于大部分光学研究的其他分支,它不强调解释,应用或利用已知的现象,它关注的焦点在于前人从来没有考虑过的全新的故事。这个理念最好的说明来自二十世纪最优秀的剧作家之一乔治萧伯纳在《回到马修撒拉时代》一书中的名言,这句名言在罗伯特肯尼迪竞选总统期间广为人知——“有些人看到某些东西并问-为什么有?而我会梦想一些东西并告诉自己-为什么不?” 事实上,在光学的历史上伟大的科学先行者们一直孜孜以求的提出疑问。从古代学者欧几里得,托勒密,海什木到塑造了现代光学的科学巨人们,他们细心的观察各种现象,然后作出重大的发现,他们对真理的不懈追求使我们有机会去理解光学的真谛。通过梳理已有的知识,不断的提出问题,各种各样的光学元件、光学系统在世界各地得到了广泛应用,并大大改善了人们的日常生活,推动了现代科学的进步。随着光学各个领域的进步,也许现在是时候去问问-“为什么不?”。 现在是时候去重新思考光学研究的极限问题了,并重新考虑长久以来科学家们在光学领域的研究方向。怀着这种信念,我们选择冒险大胆前进,重新思考某些问题的答案。比如:“为什么光不会折射到另一个方向?”或者“为什么不建造一个可以使肉眼直接观察到DNA结构的显微镜?”我们甚至可以思考更多的神秘甚至神化般的问题,包括“为什么不造一个隐身斗篷?”这些概念并没有违背任何基本物理定律,诸如此类的其他美妙想法也不会违背。或许现在是时间去探求真正了不起的想法的时候了,这些想法可能暂时超出了我们的视野,但是在本质上并没有超出我们的能力。

上面提出的几个问题,我们现在拿出来问自己“有什么不可以呢?”。这就是光学特异材料所追求的。在这个研究领域,对光的控制并没有被现有光学材料的性质所限制。相反的,我们选择创造新的材料,人工裁剪各种结构元件小至深亚波长尺度。在这一方向上使用光学特异材料必然革命性的改变光学器件和系统的设计制造理论。新的光学特异材料研究领域打开了一扇通往传统光学做梦也想不到的新世界的大门。虽然还是起步阶段,光学特异材料已经提供给了上面看似疯狂的梦想一线希望,并且展示出了潜在的应用前景,包括光学探测,新型波导和天线,超衍射极限成像,纳米光刻,光子纳米电路等等。

光学特异材料的蓬勃发展吸引了越来越多的学生和研究人员。虽然本领域文献资料的数量急剧增加,但是我们感到仍然缺乏一本易于读懂的受众广泛的教科书。特别是新的研究者在这样一个高度跨学科的研究领域很容易摸不着头绪,尤其是在他们同时涉猎不同学科的教科书的时候。简单,易懂的描述光学特异材料使我们写作本书的出发点。

在写作过程中,我们寻求提供一个读者进入光学特异材料世界的入口。在薄薄的一本书中,我们试图提供给学生和研究者进入这一领域所需的基础知识,并提供广阔的视角和最新的进展。应该说明,这本书不是最新研究进展的审查报告,相反的,本书提供了完整的,自成一体的易于消化的光学课题。我希望它能够成为有兴趣的读者在这个正在发展的研究领域里前进的踏脚石。我们尽量平衡书中的内容使读者对光学特异材料能有一个整体的把握,同时体会到什么是正在进行的热门课题。

现在我们花点时间来了解全书的内容。书中材料介绍的顺序,是根据逐步加深读者对课题的理解排列的。全书始于讨论光学特异材料的定义,产生,动机和研究领域的范围。第二章我们讨论金属,电介质和复合材料的光学特性。这些材料的精细组合构成了特异材料的组成元件,也就是我们所感兴趣的。第三章包括了光学特异材料的制造与分析,和数据处理方法。当基础打牢后,从第四章到第六章我们介绍三个主要类别的光学特异材料,即电特异材料,磁特异材料和负折射材料。我们会详细的探讨每一种类别里材料的原理,优点与应用实例.最后三个章节讲述光学特异材料所带来的崭新应用前景.第七章讨论光学特异材料的非线性效应,包含必要的数学描述.第八章描述了基于特异材料的超分辨成像系统.尤其是讨论了几个关于近场与远场超分辨成像的具有里程碑意义的实验.最后,在第九章我们提供了变换光学的原理与应用,它史无前例的通过指定空间中的各向异性的材料参数将光线弯曲.这一章还详细讨论了变换光学中最有趣的成果-电磁隐形斗篷.

我们试图在涉及光学特异材料的绝大多数重要课题的同时保持本书较小的容量.光学特异材料的发展日新月异,但是本书在基础知识和思维方法上的介绍相信可以被运用在这些新的课题中.这本书可以作为在特异材料,等离子体,纳米光子学和其他相关研究领域的研究人员的参考书.它同样可以作为高年级本科生及研究生的教材和自学材料,或者为专业协会的短期课程提供教学参考.因此,这本书假定读者有本科水平的电动力学基础知识.

这本书是在许多人的帮助下完成的,我们要特别感谢Mark Thoreson对全书手稿的细致审核和校对。我们同样感谢斯坦福大学的Mark Brongersma教授对本书的支持和有益的建议。另外,我们高兴的感谢我们的同事们,他们的专业精神,与他们的讨论和合作使我们受益匪浅。他们包括:Drs. A. V. Kildishev, A. K. Sarychev, V. P. Drachev, A. K. Popov, U. K. Chettiar, H.-K. Yuan, I. R. Gabitov, S. A. Myslivets, N. M. Litchinitser, E. E. Narimanov, A. E. Boltasseva, T. A. Klar, Sir J. B. Pendry, V. G. Veselago, X. Zhang, D. R. Smith, M. Wegener, N. Engheta, N. I. Zheludev, U. Leonhardt, M. A. Noginov, V. A. Podolskiy, G. W. Milton, D. H. Werner, I. C. Khoo, A. I. Maimistov, R. Z. Sagdeev, D. A. Genov, A. Boardman, and I. I. Smolyaninov. 我们还要感谢我们的家人和亲密朋友们的支持。

Stanford, CA   加州 斯坦福                                                                                            Wenshan Cai

West Lafayette, IN 印第安纳州 西拉斐特                                                     Vladimir M. Shalaev

Chinese Translation by XZJ

原文:

Optical Metamaterials- Fundamentals and Applications 

Wenshan Cai and Vladimir Shalaev

Preface

         This book deals with optical metamaterials – artificially structured materials with nanoscale inclusions and strikingly unconventional properties at optical frequencies. These materials can be treated as macroscopically homogeneous media and can exhibit a variety of unusual and exciting responses to light. Man-made materials with subwavelength inclusions have been purposely utilized by artists and craftsmen for centuries, as indicated by a number of glass vessels ranging from the late Roman era to the Renaissance period. However, optical metamaterials have flourished only in the present century thanks to combined advances in nanofabrication, numerical modeling, and characterization tools. In only a few years, the field of optical metamaterials has emerged as one of the most exciting topics in the science of light, with stunning and unexpected outcomes that have repeatedly fascinated researchers, scientists, and even the general public.

         The philosophy behind the area of optical metamaterials is distinct from most other branches of optical studies in that it does not emphasize the explanation, implementation, or utilization of known phenomena, but rather it focuses on the creation of entirely new stories and new events that no one has even considered. This philosophy is best illustrated by a simple quotation from Back to Methuselah by George Bernard Shaw, one of the finest playwrights of the twentieth century. The quote became widespread after its adoption by Robert Kennedy during his presidential campaign:

“Some men see things as they are and say ‘Why?’ I dream things that never were and say, ‘Why not?”’

Indeed, the persistence of asking “why” has been fascinating scientists throughout the history of optics. From ancient scholars like Euclid, Ptolemy and Alhazen to the modern giants who shaped today’s knowledge of optics, the pursuit of answers to observed phenomena has led to major discoveries that have made it possible for us to understand the realities of optics. By combing the knowledge derived from asking “why” and the implementation of available materials, numerous optical components, devices and systems have been developed that have radically altered both the everyday life of people around the globe and the scope of modern science. With all the advances in optics throughout the ages, now is perhaps the time to focus more on the theme of “why not.” It is time to rethink the limits of optics, and reconsider the long-established guidelines within which optical scientists often work.

         With this in mind, we choose to be bold and adventurous, rethinking the answers to questions such as, “Why not refract light the other way?” Or maybe we should ask, “Why not build a microscope to see a DNA strand with the naked eye?” We can even ponder more mysterious and mythical questions, including, “Why not create a cloak that makes an object invisible?” These concepts are not strictly prohibited by any fundamental physical laws, nor are many other equally fascinating possibilities. Perhaps, then, it is indeed time to explore many truly amazing ideas that may be temporarily beyond our vision, but not inherently beyond our reach.

         All the questions above, now open for reconsideration by asking “why not,” are the pursuits of optical metamaterials. In this research field, the control of light is not limited by the properties of optical materials that are readily available. Instead, we choose to create materials that never were, by tailoring the elements of artificial structures down to the deeply subwavelength scale. This aspect of optical metamaterials is bound to revolutionarily alter the design strategies and implementation philosophies that people use in building optical devices and systems. The new research field of optical metamaterials opens a whole new world of fundamental studies and practical applications that were quite undreamt of in the realm of conventional optics. Still in its infancy, the optical metamaterials have already offered hope to the seemingly crazy dreams mentioned above, and they have demonstrated potential benefits in various applications including optical sensing, novel waveguides and antennas, sub-diffraction-limited imaging, nanoscale photolithography, photonic nanocircuits, and many more.

         The intense development in the evolving field of optical metamaterials has started attracting an increasing number of students and researchers. Although a large and drastically growing number of publications are constantly added to the literature of this field, we feel there remains a lack of a reader-friendly book that helps to make optical metamaterials accessible to a wider audience. In particular, new participants in a highly interdisciplinary field of study like optical metamaterials can easily get lost if they have to wade through many textbooks of different subjects simultaneously. To describe optical metamaterials in a simple, easy-to-understand way was our primary motivation for embarking on this book.

         In writing the book, we sought to provide an accessible entrance into the fascinating world of optical metamaterials. In a relatively slim volume, we are trying to provide students and researchers with the basic knowledge that is required to enter this research area, as well as providing the broad perspective that is now needed to understand the latest breakthroughs. It should be stressed that this book is not intended as a thorough treatise and up-to-date review of all research work available in this field. Instead, the book provides a comprehensive, self-contained but digestible introduction to the basic ideas and major topics in optical metamaterials. We hope that it will be useful to the interested reader as a stepping stone towards more advanced research currently underway in the field. We have tried to produce a balanced text from which the reader will be able to gain a perspective of optical metamaterials as a whole as well as a flavor for where the subject is going.

         We now would like to take a moment to guide you through the contents of this book. The material in the book is presented in an order that aims to progressively increase the reader’s comprehension of the subject. The book starts with a discussion of the definition, emergence, motivation and scope of the research field of optical metamaterials. Then in Chap. 2 we discuss the optical properties of metals, dielectrics and their composites. The delicate arrangement of these materials forms the constituent building blocks for the metamaterials we are truly interested in studying. Chapter 3 covers the fabrication techniques, characterization schemes and data treatment methods for optical metamaterials. Once the basics have been established, from Chap. 4–6 we present three major categories of optical metamaterials, namely electric metamaterials, magnetic metamaterials, and negative-index metamaterials. The principles, advances, and examples for each category will be analyzed in detail. The last three chapters deal with exciting novel opportunities made possible by optical metamaterials. In Chap. 7 we discuss nonlinear effects in optical metamaterials, including the necessary mathematical descriptions. Chapter 8 describes metamaterial-based imaging systems with subwavelength resolution. Most notably, several milestone experiments related to super-resolution in both the nearand far-field regimes are discussed. Finally, in Chap. 9 we provide the principles and applications of transformation optics, which molds the flow of light in an unprecedented manner by specifying the spatial distributions of anisotropic material parameters. In particular, this chapter gives a detailed discussion of the most intriguing outcome of transformation optics – an electromagnetic cloak of invisibility.

         We have attempted to introduce most of the major subjects involved in optical metamaterials while at the same time keeping the book within a relatively small compass. Although the frontier in the study of optical metamaterials is developing rapidly, the basic knowledge and ways of thinking presented in this book are expected to be widely adopted in many of the new topics of optical metamaterials that are either ongoing or about to breach the horizon. The book can be used as a reference text by people working in metamaterials, plasmonics, nanophotonics, and other related fields. It can also be used as a course textbook or a book for self-instruction at the senior undergraduate or graduate level, as well as for a short course offered by a professional society. As such, the book presumes that the reader has a general knowledge of basic electrodynamics at the undergraduate level.

         This book would not have been completed without the help of many people. In particular, we are deeply grateful to Mark Thoreson for his painstaking review and critical proofreading of the entire manuscript. We are also thankful for the support and helpful suggestions from Professor Mark Brongersma at Stanford University.

         In addition, it is a pleasure to acknowledge our debt and gratitude to many colleagues whose expertise, discussions, and collaboration have benefited us over the years. These include Drs. A. V. Kildishev, A. K. Sarychev, V. P. Drachev, A. K. Popov, U. K. Chettiar, H.-K. Yuan, I. R. Gabitov, S. A. Myslivets, N. M. Litchinitser, E. E. Narimanov, A. E. Boltasseva, T. A. Klar, Sir J. B. Pendry, V. G. Veselago, X. Zhang, D. R. Smith, M. Wegener, N. Engheta, N. I. Zheludev, U. Leonhardt, M. A. Noginov, V. A. Podolskiy, G. W. Milton, D. H. Werner, I. C. Khoo, A. I. Maimistov, R. Z. Sagdeev, D. A. Genov, A. Boardman, and I. I. Smolyaninov. We are also grateful to our families and close friends for their support.

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UCLA Summer Study Cost

如果按两门课来算的话,按去年的要求,最少两门课,8个UCLA学分。学费是2900美元,折合4100多新币,这个钱是回到NTU,SUMMER STUDY结束才交的,包括申请费和保险。
当时我的机票是1100新币,比前一年的便宜,但是据说还有人定到900新币的票,东航往返,经停上海。
住宿在UCHA只需要800美元左右,比学校宿舍便宜一半。条件不错还包饭。但是之前需要交定金和押金总共1500美元,最后再退钱。签证费200美元,折290新币。SEVIS Fee 180美元左右。
一共6550新币左右,这就是你的最低花费,不包括玩。
去美国一趟,肯定是要玩的。计划着去玩,钱可多可少,最便宜的玩法是只在洛杉矶玩,100-200美元就可以搞定,可以去迪士尼,环球影城,星光大道,还有洛杉矶的其他风景名胜。如果再多花一点,可以4-5个人租车,非常推荐,因为这些地方都不近,而公交实在太差了。

我个人最推荐的是除了洛杉矶之外,再去加州的其他1-2个城市玩玩,花费大概是每多去一个城市多花200-300美元,如果你们租车并且有个任劳任怨的司机同学的话。我去了拉斯维加斯,感觉很好,推荐去;还可以去旧金山和圣地亚哥,都是不错的选择。

如果你还有闲钱,就去东部玩吧,我去了纽约和华盛顿,5天花了1000美元左右,其实还可以玩的有波士顿,费城什么的。个人感觉去东部比较不值,一个是贵,大城市的酒店最便宜也要100多美元一天,华盛顿条件还好,纽约100多美元住的也就是国内的没有星的那种小宾馆,如果你SUMMER STUDY主要是为了MATCH课的话,不太在乎玩的话,大可不必去东部了,因为时间也比较赶,花费还大。纽约是一个天堂与地狱并存的城市,有繁华有贫困,这两个城市最大的好处是博物馆极多极好,大部分都是免费的,喜欢博物馆的话可以考虑。

 
Useful Link: http://www3.ntu.edu.sg/home2005/z060058/UCLA/index-2.html
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写点文字给我的专业

如果有人问我,你认为20世纪最伟大的发明是什么?我会毫不犹豫地回答出来

-晶体管(transistor)。

 

大一时还完全不知道什么是晶体管,大二时懵懵懂懂,到了大三才清晰的确定这样一个答案。

而大四的我,决定写点东西赞美一下晶体管,顺便鼓励自己坚定的学EEE,爱EEE.

 

 

晶体管的伟大之处,在于平凡中见不凡,在于以不变应万变。

 

且不说一个个BJTMOSFET经过IC设计师的巧手演变成了多少堪称艺术品的杰作,即使是单看身边无处不在的电子产品,就可以感受到这小小的玩艺带给了人类多少现代化的便利。电脑,手机,鼠标,LCD; 汽车,住房, 荧光灯,微波炉,电梯 等等。。。


 

很难想象如果没有晶体管我们的生活会是什么样的,我确定的相信即便是Shockley 本人也没有准确的预测出在60年后的今天,晶体管会如此大放异彩,无可取代。1956年诺贝尔奖的评审委员会有着准确的判断,这个小东西,将来大有可为。


 

 

随着工艺的进步,科技的发展。如今的晶体管已经小到肉眼很难看见,一台笔记本的电脑里的晶体管已经数以十亿计,除了CPU,还有内存,显示器,鼠标,键盘,硬盘等等。它们的主要元件都是晶体管。英特尔,三星,德州仪器与台积电都是因为生产晶体管相关的器件誉满全球。

 

某种程度上说,我们所学的EEE专业的生命,是晶体管所赋予的。

不论是学微电子的,IC Design,晶体管都是我们的根本;

无论还是学信息学,还是学通信,晶体管都是实现数据转换的唯一途径;

 

而计算机学,材料学,生物学,甚至是土木工程,晶体管至少给与了半个生命。

 

计算机的发展史就是晶体管的发展史,半导体材料的革新,到计算机辅助设计(CAD)都是各个学科目前最尖端的研究领域。不能想象没有晶体管的存在,如何能制造出这么小却又这么快的电脑?假入没有晶体管,这一定永远是一个神话。

 

 

一个发明,带给人类社会如此大的影响。我有时会想,不远的将来还会有如此伟大的发明能够媲美晶体管吗?因为晶体管已经集万千宠爱于一身了,似乎难以超越。

 

但是从历史的角度看,晶体管的发明不是偶然事件,他有着一代又一代科学家打下的坚实基础;

 

我想起了无数的科学家,伦琴,贝克勒尔,汤姆孙,居里夫人,普朗克,爱因斯坦。正是这群人的发明和发现揭示了微观世界的奥秘,导致了海森堡、薛定谔建立起量子力学的理论体系,最终带给肖克利最伟大的灵感。

 

每每想到这里,带着对未来的憧憬,我开始坚信-未来的路是由现在的人走出来的,人类的生活总是越过越美好。秉承同样的追求,继承前人的智慧结晶,科学总是不断地发展,带给人们惊喜。

 

同时坚定的告诉自己和EEE的同仁,学EEE,我们站在了先贤的肩膀上,一定大有可为。

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美国驻新加坡使馆签证攻略

今天早上把去UCLA summer study的签证办了,办的过程极其顺利,面试只用了五分钟,虽然排队花了将近两个小时,但是相比很多面试半个小时然后被拒的申请者还是幸运多了。
总结起来今天早上办签证之所以顺利有两个原因,第一是材料准备的充分(申请材料列表附在后面),第二是由于I-20表格的强大作用,据说有I-20表格后签证的通过率超过90%
 
下面将F1签证流程详述:
 
1. 接收到被录取学校的I-20表格后,在www.fmjfee.com网上用I-20上的bar code填写
I-901表格,并用VISA卡付200美金的SEVIS费,打印临时收据,真正的收据会在数周内寄给你,但是签证面试只需要打印的临时收据即可。
 
2. 上美国驻新加坡使馆的网站详细阅读需要文件和申请步骤,这点很重要,道听途说不如眼见为实。http://singapore.usembassy.gov/general_information3.html
从这个网上可以打开DS156表格,必须在线填写,这个网站会自动生成一个条形码,填好之后需要打印出来。把条形码下面的数字字母记下来,然后就可以在使馆的网站上预约面签时间了。一般来说预约面签需要提前半个月到一个月,使馆建议是至少离出发时间两个月,以免拒签后来不及再签。像我就是3月31号预约的,能够约到的最近日期就是今天(4月13号),离我的出发时间(6月19号)还有两个月多一点,算是比较宽裕的。
 
3. 面签当天可以早到半个小时,早到太多门口的安检不会放你进去。像我约的时间是早上十点十五,我九点五十到的,安检就把我勉强放进去了,有一些约的十点半的就需要在外面稍等才能安检。使馆不允许带入手机,我为了避免麻烦去的时候就没带手机,其实带手机也是可以寄存在安检处的,比我想象中的人性化一些。
 
4.过了安检,经过长长的廊道,推开沉重的大门后,有一位和蔼的马来大妈提醒我去取号排队,我按了取号机拿了号码769,就找了个座位坐下。签证大厅很小,密密麻麻很多人在等候,窗口共有1-9九个,其中2号窗口是负责签证材料预处理的,3-8号是面试窗口,9号是交费窗口,1号是一个半封闭的小房间,负责面试比较‘特殊’的,或者有滞留不归嫌疑的申请者。坐了三分钟,大厅的显示屏就提醒我去2号窗口交签证材料了,然后给我一张收据让我去交CASHER’S ORDER,我觉得这点也比较人性化,如果你的签证材料不全,2号窗口会提醒你这次无法办理,也就不需要交183.4 新币的冤枉钱了,如果材料齐全,就可以在交钱之后继续等待了。
 
5. 这次的等待极其漫长,大概一个半小时,且叫号的顺序并不按号码顺序。在此期间巧遇了翟克,他是过来办B1签证去美国开会的。。也看了很多有趣的人在签证,一个大胡子的,像是中东地区的哥们签证时嗓门极大,全大厅的人都听得很清楚,而且底气十足,说话比签证官还牛气。说了10来分钟,大胡子哥们就被请到1号房间去面谈了,很快就拿着自己的护照出门了。在此说明一下,如果签证通过的话,你的护照会被留下并被告知取护照的日期。反之不通过的话护照会被退还。
 
6.终于轮到我了,我看了看表11点40分,面试官十分友好:
him:’so, you are Mr Xu’
me: ‘yes , I am’
him:’let’s start with your receipt’
I pass him the receipt from No.9 counter.
him:’Emm, so you applied for a summer session at U.S.?’
me:’Yes, I applied UCLA for a summer session’
him:’Emm. UCLA is a very good school.You heard very excited when saying UCLA(smile). What’s your major at NTU?’
me:’I study Electrical and Electronic Engineering at NTU’
him:’What kind of courses you take in UCLA?’
me:’Social Psycology and Management Courses I took’
him:’good, so non of your major courses hmm? ‘
me:’yes~’
him:’We ‘d better approve you application, you can collect your VISA on Wednesday’
me:’Thank you!’
 
 
总结办签证的过程,材料的准备比较重要。下面列出F1签证需要的材料:
 
1. 护照
2.Bank Statement
3.Casher’s Order,S$183.40,也叫银行本票或者汇票,在任何一家银行都可以办理,支付给’American Embassy Singapore’(收款人名称中间不需加任何标点)作为签证费用。
4.照片
5. SEVIS Fee 临时收据
6. I-20表格,DS-156,157,158,表格。均可在使馆网站上下载到。
7*.学校证明,OAS开的,证明我明年才毕业。这个今天没有用到。
8*.Study List, 在UCLA注册的课程列表,这个也没有用到。
 
一篇流水帐,给今年去UCLA的同学以及其他准备去签证面试的同学作为参考。
 
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幸福的秘诀

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一直在思考的一个问题:什么是幸福,幸福的秘诀是什么?

 

幸福,就是好心情,就是愉快,就是充分的感受到生活的美好。但是幸福并不取决于你遇到的生活难题的多少。有的人认为,生活难题很多往往就是不幸福的,而生活难题少就会幸福。其实,感觉不幸福的人没有学会用快乐健康的心情来面对变化无常的生活。这种健康的心情就是平和的心态。“成熟”,是平和心态的代名词。

 

让心态平和,也就是教人们变成熟。成熟包括具备以下品质:

1.有很强的责任感和独立性

2.多付出少索取

3.不以自我为中心,学会合作,有团队精神

4.认识并接受社会对性的约束

5.认识到敌意,愤怒,仇恨,残忍和好斗都是软弱,温柔,善良的人才是强者

6.有能力区分幻想和事实

7.灵活变通,面对无常命运

 

成熟这个词语对于评价一个人来说,是不折不扣的褒义词,而不是一个中性词。二十多岁的我们可能会反感别人评价你真成熟。我们往往将成熟当作衰老的前奏或者青春的反义词,希望自己总能够长不大并且保持童心,却忽视了成熟的含义是平和心态,同时又是幸福的秘诀这样一个事实。

 

无忧无虑的童年是美好的,但是人生不可能只停留在无忧无虑的阶段。挫折会在你还未成熟的时候打击你,猝不及防。在一次又一次的打击之后,心情有时会低落,但是最终还是提醒自己不能萎靡,要振作起来。毕竟,成熟是一种态度,是在认识自己和认识世界的过程中慢慢形成的,这种态度不是与生俱来的,需要主动的学习才能够获得。花时间去学习怎样变得成熟是很值得的,因为这些态度决定了我们是快乐还是悲伤,是健康还是疾病不断,是被打倒还是坚强的站起来。

 

最近经常扪心自问:“我到底有多成熟?要如何改进呢?”用成熟的7条品质提醒自己,做一个成熟的人。

 

那么,在拥有了平和心态之后呢。让生活多姿多彩有十二条准则(from John A. Schindler),现在列举我比较有体会的3条:

1.       学会满足

2.       喜欢别人

3.       多去谈论美好事物

 

本学期自杀,猝死,抑郁现象极多。连自己也抑郁过相当长的时间。感觉心理问题已然成为危害健康的最主要敌人。附上人类六大基本情感需求

一.爱的需求。人人都渴望爱,需要爱。

二.对安全感的渴求。

三.表现创造能力的需求。

四.被认可的需求。

五.对新体验的渴望。

六.自尊心的满足。

 

怎样满足呢?

问问自己,在我的世界里,我:

1.  是被别人爱着,还是孤身一人,不被需要;

2.  生活有安全感,还是整日担心;

3.  在我的工作,学习中,是充分肯定了自己的创造才能还是庸庸碌碌;

4.  有没有获得朋友的认可;

5.  总是期待新生活,新体验,还是因循守旧;

6.  拥有自尊自信,还是自我评价总在下降;

 

 

如果你缺少爱--

向别人付出你的爱

 

如果你缺乏安全感――

没有必要忧虑,忧虑只会使情况更糟

 

如果你缺乏表现创造力的机会――

开始去寻找,没什么能阻拦你

 

如果你缺乏别人的认可――

先给予别人任何,你也会得到认可

 

如果你缺乏新体验――

走出去,寻找新体验;时刻为新生活做好准备;

 

如果你丧失了自尊心――

你和我一样优秀,而我们和他们同样优秀

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